染雾初中语法定语从句详解 篇一
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分，它在句子中用来修饰名词或代词。在初中阶段学习语法定语从句，是为了帮助学生能够更准确地表达自己的意思，并且提高阅读和写作的能力。本文将详细介绍初中语法定语从句的用法和相关知识点。
一、什么是定语从句？
定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句，它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。定语从句可以提供更多的信息，帮助我们更清楚地描述所指的名词或代词。例如：
The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.
穿红裙子的那个女孩是我的妹妹。
在这个例子中，定语从句“who is wearing a red dress”修饰了名词“girl”，进一步描述了这个女孩。
二、定语从句的引导词
定语从句通常由关系代词和关系副词引导。
1. 关系代词
关系代词包括：who, whom, whose, which, that。它们在定语从句中有不同的作用：
- who和whom用来修饰人，who作主语，whom作宾语；
- whose用来修饰人或物，表示所有关系；
- which用来修饰物；
- that既可以修饰人也可以修饰物，通常在口语中使用较多。
2. 关系副词
关系副词包括：where, when, why。它们在定语从句中表示地点、时间和原因。例如：
This is the house where I was born.
这是我出生的房子。
三、定语从句的位置
定语从句通常紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。例如：
The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
在这个例子中，定语从句紧跟在名词“book”后面。
四、定语从句的省略
在定语从句中，如果关系代词在从句中作宾语，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，那么关系代词可以省略。例如：
I have a friend who can speak French.
我有一个会说法语的朋友。
在这个例子中，关系代词“who”在从句中作宾语，而且从句的主语“who”和主句的主语“I”一致，所以可以省略。改写后的句子为：“I have a friend can speak French.”
五、定语从句的练习
为了更好地掌握定语从句的用法，我们可以进行一些练习。例如：
1. This is the house ____________ I lived when I was a child.
2. The girl ____________ is sitting next to me is my cousin.
3. The book ____________ cover is red belongs to me.
4. The reason ____________ he gave for being late was not convincing.
以上是初中语法定语从句的详细介绍，希望能够帮助到同学们更好地理解和掌握这一知识点。
初中语法定语从句详解 篇二
定语从句作为英语语法的一部分，是初中阶段的重点内容之一。它在句子中起到修饰名词或代词的作用。掌握定语从句的用法对于提高学生的语言运用能力非常重要。本文将详细介绍初中语法定语从句的用法和相关要点。
一、定语从句的定义
定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句，它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。定语从句能够为名词或代词提供更多的信息，使句子更加具体和准确。例如：
The boy who is wearing glasses is my friend.
戴眼镜的那个男孩是我的朋友。
在这个例句中，定语从句“who is wearing glasses”修饰了名词“boy”，进一步描述了这个男孩。
二、定语从句的引导词
定语从句通常由关系代词和关系副词引导。
1. 关系代词
关系代词包括：who, whom, whose, which, that。它们在定语从句中有不同的作用：
- who和whom用来修饰人，who作主语，whom作宾语；
- whose用来修饰人或物，表示所有关系；
- which用来修饰物；
- that既可以修饰人也可以修饰物，通常在口语中使用较多。
2. 关系副词
关系副词包括：where, when, why。它们在定语从句中表示地点、时间和原因。例如：
This is the school where I study.
这是我就读的学校。
三、定语从句的位置
定语从句通常紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。例如：
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
在这个例句中，定语从句紧跟在名词“book”后面。
四、定语从句的省略
在定语从句中，如果关系代词在从句中作宾语，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，那么关系代词可以省略。例如：
I have a friend who can play the piano.
我有一个会弹钢琴的朋友。
在这个例句中，关系代词“who”在从句中作宾语，而且从句的主语“who”和主句的主语“I”一致，所以可以省略。改写后的句子为：“I have a friend can play the piano.”
五、定语从句的练习
为了更好地掌握定语从句的用法，我们可以进行一些练习。例如：
1. This is the house ____________ I lived in when I was a child.
2. The girl ____________ is sitting next to me is my sister.
3. The book ____________ cover is blue belongs to me.
4. The reason ____________ he gave for being late was not reasonable.
以上是初中语法定语从句的详细介绍，希望能够帮助同学们更好地理解和掌握这一知识点。
初中语法定语从句详解 篇三
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom, whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
1、由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如： This is the boy who often helps me.
2、由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
3、由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如： Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4、由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如：
The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.
The river which is in front of my house is very clean.
This is the pen which you want.
注意 ：
（1）whom, which用作介词宾语时 ， 介词可放在 whom、which之前 ， 也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如： He is the very person whom we must take good care of.
（2）引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost
my bag, which I like very much.
（3）关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
5、由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：
The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.
注意在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。
（1）先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 ， 如 ：
All that we have to do is to practise English.
（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如
The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
（3）先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 ， 如
I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
（4）先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如
He is the only person that I want to talk with.
（5）先行词既有人又有物时，如:
They talked about persons and things that they met.
（6）当句中已有who时 ， 为避免重复 ， 如 ： Who is the man that is giving us the class?
6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如:
I don't know the reason why he was late.
This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的'，就用 that（which），如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.（Where he has lived for 15 year.）
7、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
（1）限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，这些关系代词都不能省略。
（2）非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 ， 没有这种从句 ， 不影响主句意思的完整 ， 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 ， 关系代词用 which,不用that;指人时可用who,如 ： I have two brothers, who are both students.
8、如何简化定语从句
（1）、定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如:
My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.
→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。
This is a book that is worth reading.
→This is a book worth reading. 这是一本值得看的书。
（2） 定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.
→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.
站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。
I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time.
当时我看到那房子在燃烧。
（3）定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。
I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou. 我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。
She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting. 她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。
（4）定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。
He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他总是第一个到校。
The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us.明天要作的报告对我们很重要。
（5）定语从句简化为what 从句。
I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.
我记不得他说的话。
【典型例题解析】
例 1 The second book ______I want to read is Business @ the Speed of Thought.
A. which B. what C. that D. as
解析 先行词 book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句，故选C。
例 2 I'll never forget the days _____I stayed with you.
A. when B. in which C. that D. for which
解析 本题指时间，故选 A。
例 3 The book______ is sold out at the moment.
A. you need B. what you need
C. which you need it D. that you need it
解析 B、C、D中的what和it与先行The book相抵触，故选A。
例 4 Is this the place ______Lincoln once lived.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
解析 本题指地点，故选 C。
例 5 I'm one of the boys _________ never late for school.
A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is
解析 本题中 who用作主语，谓语动词与先行词the boys保持一致，故选B。
【选讲例题】
例 6 Her sister,______ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.
A. whom B. that C. which D. who is
解析 非限制性定语从句中 ， 关系代词用 which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选A。
例 7 These book are for students _____ mother language is not English.
A. of whom B. that C. which D. whose
解析 whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语，故选D。
