染雾计算机术语英语词汇汇总 篇一
With the rapid development of technology, computers have become an essential part of our daily lives. Whether it's for work, entertainment, or communication, we rely on computers to perform various tasks. To better understand the world of computers, it is important to familiarize ourselves with the relevant terminology. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive list of computer terms in English.
1. Hardware: The physical components of a computer system, such as the monitor, keyboard, and central processing unit (CPU).
2. Software: The programs and operating systems that enable computers to perform specific tasks.
3. Operating system: The software that manages computer hardware and software resources, providing a user-friendly interface for interaction.
4. CPU (Central Processing Unit): The primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing inside the computer.
5. RAM (Random Access Memory): The temporary storage area where data is stored while the computer is running.
6. Hard drive: The primary storage device for a computer, where permanent data is stored.
7. Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects all the components of a computer.
8. Graphics card: A device that generates and renders images, animations, and video.
9. Monitor: The display screen for a computer, where visual output is shown.
10. Keyboard: An input device used to enter text and commands into a computer.
11. Mouse: An input device used to move the cursor and interact with graphical user interfaces.
12. USB (Universal Serial Bus): A common interface for connecting peripheral devices to a computer.
13. Firewall: A security measure that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.
14. Virus: A malicious software program that can replicate itself and cause harm to a computer system.
15. Browser: A software application used to access and view websites on the internet.
16. URL (Uniform Resource Locator): The address used to access a specific webpage or resource on the internet.
17. Wi-Fi: A wireless networking technology that allows devices to connect to the internet without using cables.
18. Ethernet: A wired networking technology that uses cables to connect devices to a network.
19. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): The standard markup language used to create web pages.
20. Cloud computing: The practice of using remote servers on the internet to store, manage, and process data.
By familiarizing ourselves with these computer terms, we can better understand the technology that surrounds us. Whether we are troubleshooting a computer issue, discussing technology advancements, or simply expanding our knowledge, having a good grasp of computer terminology is essential in today's digital age.
计算机术语英语词汇汇总 篇二
In today's interconnected world, computer technology plays a crucial role in various industries. From education to healthcare, finance to entertainment, computers have revolutionized the way we work, communicate, and live. To navigate this digital landscape effectively, it is essential to be familiar with the relevant computer terms in English. In this article, we will present a comprehensive list of computer terminology.
1. Algorithm: A set of instructions or rules used to solve a specific problem or perform a task.
2. Artificial intelligence (AI): The simulation of human intelligence in machines, enabling them to learn, reason, and make decisions.
3. Big data: Extremely large and complex data sets that require advanced tools and techniques for analysis.
4. Cloud computing: The practice of using remote servers on the internet to store, manage, and process data.
5. Cybersecurity: The protection of computer systems and networks from unauthorized access or damage.
6. Data mining: The process of discovering patterns and extracting useful information from large data sets.
7. Encryption: The process of converting data into a form that cannot be easily understood without the correct decryption key.
8. Internet of Things (IoT): The network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity to exchange data.
9. Machine learning: A subset of AI that enables machines to learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.
10. Network: A collection of devices connected together to exchange data and resources.
11. Programming language: A set of rules and instructions used to write computer programs.
12. Robotics: The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots.
13. Virtual reality (VR): An artificial environment created with the help of computer technology, allowing users to experience and interact with a simulated world.
14. User interface (UI): The means by which a user interacts with a computer or device, such as graphical user interfaces and command-line interfaces.
15. Web development: The creation and maintenance of websites and web applications.
16. Database: A structured collection of data organized and accessed electronically.
17. Firewall: A security measure that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.
18. Malware: Software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems.
19. Server: A computer or system that manages network resources and provides services to other computers.
20. Virtual private network (VPN): A secure and private connection between a user's device and a remote server, encrypting data transmission.
By understanding these computer terms, we can navigate the digital world more effectively and communicate with others in the field. Whether we are discussing emerging technologies, exploring career opportunities, or simply staying up to date, having a solid understanding of computer terminology is crucial in today's technological landscape.
计算机术语英语词汇汇总 篇三
计算机术语是在电脑领域用来表示概念的称谓。是通过语音或文字来表达或限定科学概念的约定性语言符号，是思想和知识交流的工具。
NOTES
[1] ARPA是Advanced Research Projects Agency的缩写，指(美)高级研究计划署。
[2] TCP/IP internet采用TCP/IP协议的互联网。
[3] 此处，terminals是指连入因特网的各种终端。
[4] usually后面的是同位语。
[5] 由and连接的两个并列成分，主语为Search engines。Search criteria搜索判据(关键字)。
[6] that引出的原因状语从句。
[7] 此处TCP/IP是指由TCP/IP协议支持的电子邮件。relay此处意为转发。
[8] 句中connections含有通信双方先建立一个连接，然后再通信的意思;后面的them也代表connections。
[9] 由多个并列宾语构成的长句。
[10]句中it为先行宾语，appear为宾语补语。由that引出的从句为真正的宾语，在这一从句中，by sending... and displaying...这两个动名词短语为状语。
KEYWORDS
Internet 因特网
ARPAnet ARPA计算机网，阿帕网
packet-switching network 分组交换网，包交换网
interoperability 互操作性
WWW(world wide web) 万维网，环球信息网
Hypertext 超文本
client 客户
browser 浏览器
download 下载
HTTP(hypertext transfer protocol) 超文本传送协议
URL(uniform resource locator) 统一资源定位地址
search engine 搜索引擎
search criteria 搜索条件
Web page 网页
GUI(graphical user interface) 图形用户接口
IE(Internet Explorer) (微软公司的)浏览器软件
Mosaic 美国计算机安全协会(NCSA)的公共WWW浏览器
Navigator (网景公司的)浏览器
electronic mail 电子邮件
SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 简单邮件传送协议
POP(Post Office Protocol) 邮局协议
FTP(File Transfer Protocol) 文件传送协议
Telnet(Telecommunication network) 远程通信网
TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) 传输控制协议/互联网协议
access 访问、存取、通路、进入
adjacency list method 邻接表表示法
adjacency matrix method 邻接矩阵表示法
algorithm 算法
array 数组
ATM(asynchronous transfer mode) 异步传输模式
b.. real programs kernels 实程序 核心程序
b.. toy benchmark synthetic benchmark 简单基准程序 复合基准程序
bandwidth 带宽
benchmark 基准测试程序
best - fit algorithm 最佳适应算法
BFS(breadth first search) 广度优先搜索法
binary 二进制
binary relation 二元关系
binary tree 二叉树
bit series 比特序列
black - box white - box 黑盒 白盒
block miss 块失效
blocked 阻塞(等待状态也称阻塞或封锁状态)
boundary 界线 分界
bridge 网桥
bubble sort 冒泡排序
candidate key 候选键(辅键)
capacity 容量
cartesian product 笛卡尔积
CASE(com.. aided sof.. engineering) 计算机辅助软件工程
CCP(communication control processor) 通信控制处理机
cell 信元
characteristic 特征 特性
circuit switching 线路交换
circular wait 循环等待
CISC(complex instruction set computer) 复杂指令集计算机
class 类
Client/Server 客户机/服务器
clock cycle/clock rate 时钟周期/时钟频率
coaxial cable 同轴电缆
cohesion/coupling 内聚/耦合
coincidental logical procedural functional 偶然内聚 逻辑内聚 过程内聚 功能内聚
communication 通信
complement number 补码
constrain 约束
contain 包含
correspond(corresponding) 相符合(相应的一致的)
CPETT 计算机性能评价工具与技术
CPI 每条指令需要的周期数
CSMA/CD 带冲突检测的载波监听多路访问
cursor 游
cyclic redundancy check 循环冗余检验
database: integrity consistency re story 完整性 一致性 可恢复性
database: security efficiency 数据库设计的目标：安全性 效率
deadlock: mutual exclusion 死锁条件：互斥
deadlock: circular wait no preemption 死锁条件：循环等待 无优先权
decimal 十进位的
decision 决定 判断
decomposition 双重的 混合的
definition 定义
definition phase 定义阶段
design phase 设计阶段
DFS(depth first search) 深度优先搜索法
diagram 图表
Difference Manchester 差分曼彻斯特
directed graph/undirected graph 有向图/无向图
distributed system 分布式系统
pide union intersection difference 除 并 交 差
document 文件 文档
DQDB(distributed queue dual bus) 分布队列双总线
dual 二元的 双的
dynamic design process 动态定义过程
element 元素 要素
elevator(scan) algorithm 电梯算法(扫描算法)
encapsulation inheritance 封装(压缩)继承(遗传)
entity 实体
entity integrity rule 实体完整性规则
equation 方程式 等式
Ethernet 以太网
exchange sort 交换排序
exclusive locks 排它锁(X锁)
external(internal) fragmentation 外(内)碎片
fault page fault 中断 过错 页中断
FDDI(fiber distributed data interface) 光纤分布式数据接口
FDM(frequency pision multiplexing) 频分多路复用
fiber optic cable 光缆
FIFO replacement policy 先进先出替换算法
figure 数字 图形
first normal form 第一范式
floppy 活动盘片(软盘)
foreign key domain tuple 外来键 值域 元组
formula 公式 表达式
frame page frame 帧 结构 页结构
frequency 频率
FTP 文件传送服务
function 函数
functionally dependant 函数依赖
gateway 网间连接器
general - purpose registers 通用寄存器
generate 产生
grade 等级 标准
graph(graphic) 图
Groper 将用户的请求自动转换成FTP
hash table/hash function/ collision 哈希表/哈希函数(散列函数)/碰撞
HDLC 面向比特型数据链路层协议
hit rate 命中率
host 主计算机
host language statement 主语言语句
hypertext 超级文本
index 索引
insertion sort 插入排序
instruction format 指令格式
instruction set 指令集
interface 接口 分界面 连接体
interrupt 中断
IPC 工业过程控制
ISAM VSAM 索引顺序存取方法 虚拟存储存取方法
join/natural join/semi join 连接/自然连接/半连接
kernel executive supervisor user 核心 执行 管理 用户
kernels 核心程序
key comparison 键(码)值比较
LAN(local area network) 局域网
load 负载 载入
logical functional 逻辑内聚 功能内聚
longitudinal 水平的
maintenance phase 维护(保养)阶段
MAN(metropolitan area network) 城域网
Manchester 曼彻斯特
map 地图 映射图
matrix 矩阵 点阵
memory reference 存储器参量
message switching 报文交换
MFLOP(million floating point operate per second) 每秒百万次浮点运算
MIPS(millions of instruction per second) 没秒百万条指令
module 单位 基准
monitor(model benchmark physical) mothod 监视 (模型 基准 物理)法
multilevel data flow chart 多层数据流图
multiple - term formula 多项式
multiplexing 多路复用技术
multiplication 乘法
