染雾法律英语名词 篇一
第一篇内容
1. Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction refers to the power or authority of a court to hear and decide a case. It determines which court has the right to handle a particular legal matter. Jurisdiction can be based on factors such as geographic location, subject matter, or the parties involved. For example, a state court has jurisdiction over cases that occur within its state borders.
2. Liability
Liability refers to legal responsibility or accountability for one's actions or omissions that result in harm or damage to another party. It can be either civil or criminal. Civil liability involves compensating the injured party through monetary damages, while criminal liability can lead to punishment, such as imprisonment or fines.
3. Due Process
Due process refers to the fair treatment and protection of an individual's legal rights. It ensures that all individuals are entitled to notice and an opportunity to be heard before being deprived of life, liberty, or property. Due process is a fundamental principle in the legal system and is protected by the Constitution.
4. Precedent
Precedent refers to a legal decision or ruling that serves as an authoritative guide for future similar cases. Courts often rely on precedents to ensure consistency and predictability in their decisions. Precedents are set by higher courts and lower courts are bound to follow them unless there are compelling reasons for distinguishing the current case.
5. Tort
A tort is a civil wrong or injury that results in harm to another person or their property. It can be intentional or unintentional. Examples of torts include negligence, defamation, and trespass. The injured party can seek compensation for their damages through a civil lawsuit.
6. Injunction
An injunction is a court order that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action. It is often used to prevent a party from causing harm or to maintain the status quo until a final decision is reached. Injunctions can be temporary or permanent, depending on the circumstances of the case.
In conclusion, understanding these basic legal English terms is essential for navigating the legal system. Whether you are a lawyer, a law student, or an individual involved in a legal matter, familiarity with these terms will enable you to communicate effectively and comprehend the legal proceedings.
法律英语名词 篇二
第二篇内容
1. Contract
A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties. It outlines the rights and obligations of each party and specifies the terms and conditions of the agreement. Contracts can be written or oral, but it is always advisable to have written contracts to avoid any misunderstandings or disputes.
2. Habeas corpus
Habeas corpus is a legal petition that allows a person who is detained or imprisoned to challenge the legality of their detention. It ensures that a person cannot be held in custody without sufficient cause or due process. Habeas corpus is a fundamental right in many legal systems and is used to safeguard individual freedom.
3. Litigation
Litigation refers to the process of resolving disputes through the court system. It involves filing a lawsuit, presenting evidence, and making arguments before a judge or jury. Litigation can be time-consuming and costly, and parties often try to settle their disputes through negotiation or alternative dispute resolution methods.
4. Damages
Damages are monetary compensation awarded to a party who has suffered harm or loss due to another party's actions or negligence. There are different types of damages, including compensatory damages (to compensate for actual losses), punitive damages (to punish the wrongdoer), and nominal damages (to acknowledge a legal right violation).
5. Discovery
Discovery is the pre-trial process in which parties exchange information and evidence about the case. It allows each party to learn about the other's evidence, witnesses, and legal theories. Discovery methods include depositions, interrogatories, requests for documents, and requests for admissions.
6. Statute of limitations
The statute of limitations is the time limit within which a party must file a lawsuit. It varies depending on the type of case and jurisdiction. Once the statute of limitations expires, a party loses the right to bring a legal action. It is important to be aware of the statute of limitations to avoid losing the opportunity to seek legal recourse.
In conclusion, these legal English terms are essential for understanding and participating in legal proceedings. Whether you are involved in a contract negotiation, facing a lawsuit, or seeking legal advice, familiarity with these terms will enable you to navigate the legal system effectively.
法律英语名词 篇三
法律英语名词汇总
A
assumption假定
attempt意图，企图
attemptedescape逃脱未遂
attestation证词
attorney代理人，律师
attorneyatlaw律师
attorneygener
authentication鉴定
authority权力，法源，权威性依据
automobileinsurance机动车保险
automobiletort机动车侵权行为
autonomy自治（权）
B
ban禁令，禁止
banishment流放
bankruptcy破产
bankruptcydischarge破产债务解除
bankruptcyjudge破产法官
bar律师职业
barassociation律师协会
barrister出庭律师
battery殴打
benchtrial法官审
beneficiary受益人
benefit收益，福得
bigamy重婚罪
billoflading提单
billofright《人权法案》
bindover具保，具结
binder临时保险单
binding有约束力
bindingcontract有约束力的.合同
bindingforce约束力
bindinginterpretation有约束力的解释
black-letterlaw（普通接受之基本原则的）黑体字法blacknationbarassociation全美黑人律师协会
blueskylaw蓝天法（关于股票买卖控制的法律）
BoardofGovernors（ABA）（美国律师协会的）董事会bodyoflaw法体
bond债券；保释金
bondinstrument债券契据
branding鞭笞
breach违约；破坏
bride贿赂
bribery贿赂（罪）
bright-linetest明显界限检验标准
broker中间人
brokeragefee佣金；中介费
brother-sistercorporation兄弟公司；姊妹公司
BulkSalesAct《大宗销售条例》
burden责任
burdenofgoingforwardwiththeevidence先行举证责任burdenofpersuasion说服责任；证明责任
burdenofproducingevidence举证责任
burdenofproof证明责任
burglary入室盗窃（罪）
businesscorporation实业公司
businesslaw实业法
businessorganization实业组织
buy-outagreement（股权）承买协议
buy-sellagreement（股权）买卖协议
bylaws（内部）章程
C
CaliforniaPenalCode《加州刑法典》capitalaccount资本帐户capitalcrime可判死刑罪
capitalpunishment死刑
capitalsurplus资本盈余
capitationtax人头税
careercriminal职业罪犯
careerjudiciary职业法官
casebriefing案情摘要
case-in-chief主诉
caselaw判例法
casemethod案例教学法
casereport判决报告
casereports判例汇编
casualtyinsurance（意外伤害）保险
catalog商品目录（单）
certificate证书
certificateofexistence实体存在证明（书）
challenge置疑；挑战
challengeforcause有理回避
chancerycourt衡平法院
charginginstrument控告文件
checksandbalances制衡（原则）
chiefjudge首席法官
chiefjustice首席大法官
childabuse虐待儿童
circuitcourt巡回法院
circuitjudge巡回法官
circumstantialevidence旁证；情况证据citation引证
cite援引；传讯
civilcourt民事法
civilforfeiture民事罚没
civillaw民法
CivilLawLegalSystem民法体系
civilliability民事责任
civilLiberty民事自由
civilLitigation民事诉讼
civilprocedure民事诉讼程序
civilsuit民事诉讼
Civiltrial民事审判
Civilright民权
Civilrightlaw民权法
CivilWarIncomeTaxAct《内战所得税条例》Claim诉讼请求，索赔
Classificationoflaw法律分类
Closecorporation内部持股公司
Closelyheldcorporation内部持股公司Closing终结，成交，结帐
Closingargument最后论述
Closingstatement成交声明
Code法典
CodeofJudicialConduct《法官行为准则》Codify编成法典
Co-felon共同重罪犯
Cohabitation同居
Collateralcontract附属合同
Collegiatebench合议席
Collegiatepanel合议庭
Commercialclause商务条款，贸易条款Commerciallaw商法
Commercialpaper商务文件
Commission佣金
Commit交托，犯（罪）
