染雾高中留学化学英语词汇 篇一
Chemical Reactions: Understanding the Basics
Chemical reactions are an essential part of studying chemistry at the high school level. It involves the transformation of one or more substances into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. Understanding the basics of chemical reactions is crucial for success in studying chemistry. In this article, we will explore some key vocabulary related to chemical reactions in the context of high school level chemistry.
1. Reactants and Products
In a chemical reaction, reactants are the substances that undergo a change, while products are the substances formed as a result of the reaction. For example, in the reaction of hydrogen gas (H2) with oxygen gas (O2) to form water (H2O), hydrogen and oxygen are the reactants, and water is the product.
2. Chemical Equations
Chemical equations are used to represent chemical reactions. They show the reactants on the left side and the products on the right side, separated by an arrow. The arrow indicates the direction of the reaction. For example, the reaction of hydrogen gas with oxygen gas can be represented by the equation: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O.
3. Balancing Equations
Balancing equations is an important skill in chemistry. It involves adjusting the coefficients of reactants and products to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation. For example, in the equation 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, there are four hydrogen atoms on the left side and only two on the right side. By placing a coefficient of 2 in front of the water molecule, the equation becomes balanced: 2H2 + O2 → 4H2O.
4. Types of Reactions
There are several types of chemical reactions that high school students should be familiar with. These include:
- Combination reactions: Two or more substances combine to form a single product. For example, the reaction of magnesium (Mg) with oxygen (O2) to form magnesium oxide (MgO).
- Decomposition reactions: A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. For example, the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water (H2O) and oxygen gas (O2).
- Displacement reactions: One element replaces another element in a compound. For example, the reaction of zinc (Zn) with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2).
- Combustion reactions: A substance reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). For example, the combustion of methane (CH4) in the presence of oxygen.
5. Energy Changes
Chemical reactions can either release or absorb energy. Reactions that release energy in the form of heat are called exothermic reactions, while reactions that absorb energy are called endothermic reactions. The energy change in a reaction can be represented by the symbol ΔH.
Understanding these basic concepts and vocabulary related to chemical reactions is essential for success in studying high school level chemistry. By mastering these terms, students will be better equipped to understand and analyze chemical reactions, and further explore the fascinating world of chemistry.
高中留学化学英语词汇 篇三
2017高中留学必备化学英语词汇
argon：氩
Avogadro's law：阿佛加德罗定律
barium：钡
bauxite：铝土矿
bleaching：漂白
bond：键
boron：硼
brass：黄铜
bromine：湨
buret：滴定管
calcium：钙
calory：卡路里
carbohydrate：碳水化合物
carbon dioxide：二氧化碳
carbon monoxide：一氧化碳
carbonate：碳酸盐
carboxylic acid：羧酸
catalyst：催化剂
cathode reaction：阴极反应
cellulose：纤维素
chlorine：氯
chromium：铬
coefficient：系数
combination reaction：化合反应
combustion：燃烧
composition：组成
compound：化合物
concentrated：浓的
concentration：浓度
condensation：冷凝
covalent bond：共价键
cracking：裂解
crude oil：原油
crystal：晶体
deoxyribose：脱氧核糖
diatomic molecule：双原子分子
diffusion：扩散
dilute：稀的
distillation：蒸馏
double bonds：双键
dynamic equilibrium：动态平衡
electrolysis：电解
elcetrolyte：电解质
electronic configuration：电子排布
element：元素
empirical formula：经验式
endothermic：吸热的
enthalpy：焓
erosion：腐蚀
ethanoic acid：乙酸
ethanol：乙醇
ethene：乙烯
evaporation：蒸发
exothermic：放热的
extraction：提炼
filtering：过滤
flame test：焰色反应
fluorine：氟
fractional distillation：分馏
freezing point：凝固点
glucose：葡萄糖
glycogen：糖原
graphite：石墨
greenhouse effect：温室效应
Haber process：哈伯法(制氨)
halogen：卤素
helium：氦
homologous series：同系物
hydrocarbon：烃
hydrogen：氢
hydrogen chloride：氯化氢
hydrogen peroxide：过氧化氢
hydronium ion：水合氢离子
hydroxide：氢氧根
indicator：指示剂
iodine：碘
isomerism：同素异形体
le Chatelier's principle：勒沙特列原理
lead：铅
