染雾物理英文术语及常用词汇 篇一
Introduction to Physics Terminology and Common Vocabulary
Physics is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter, energy, and their interactions. It is a complex subject with its own set of terminologies and vocabulary. Understanding these terms is essential for grasping the fundamental concepts of physics. In this article, we will explore some of the most commonly used physics terms and vocabulary.
1. Force: A force is a push or pull on an object that causes it to accelerate or change its state of motion. It is measured in newtons (N).
2. Energy: Energy is the capacity to do work or the ability to cause change. It exists in various forms such as kinetic energy, potential energy, and thermal energy.
3. Mass: Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It is a scalar quantity and is measured in kilograms (kg).
4. Velocity: Velocity is the rate at which an object changes its position in a specific direction. It is a vector quantity and is measured in meters per second (m/s).
5. Acceleration: Acceleration is the rate at which an object changes its velocity. It is a vector quantity and is measured in meters per second squared (m/s^2).
6. Gravity: Gravity is the force of attraction between two objects with mass. It is responsible for the phenomenon of weight and is described by Newton's law of universal gravitation.
7. Friction: Friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object when it comes into contact with another object or surface.
8. Work: Work is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied to an object and it moves in the direction of the force.
9. Power: Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It is measured in watts (W).
10. Electromagnetic Spectrum: The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
11. Quantum Mechanics: Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels. It is based on the principles of wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle.
12. Thermodynamics: Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat, work, energy, and temperature.
13. Kinematics: Kinematics is the branch of physics that studies the motion of objects without considering the forces causing the motion.
14. Dynamics: Dynamics is the branch of physics that studies the motion of objects and the forces causing the motion.
15. Conservation Laws: Conservation laws are fundamental principles in physics that state that certain properties, such as mass, energy, momentum, and angular momentum, are conserved in a closed system.
Conclusion
Understanding physics terminology and vocabulary is crucial for anyone studying or working in the field of physics. The terms and concepts mentioned in this article are just a small fraction of the vast vocabulary used in physics. By familiarizing ourselves with these terms, we can enhance our understanding and appreciation of the principles and laws that govern the physical world.
物理英文术语及常用词汇 篇二
Advanced Physics Terminology and Common Vocabulary
Physics is a vast and complex field that encompasses a wide range of topics and concepts. To delve deeper into the subject, it is essential to be familiar with advanced physics terminology and vocabulary. In this article, we will explore some of the more advanced terms commonly used in physics.
1. Quantum Field Theory: Quantum field theory is a theoretical framework that combines quantum mechanics with special relativity. It describes the behavior of particles as excitations of underlying quantum fields.
2. General Relativity: General relativity is a theory of gravitation that describes the force of gravity as the curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy.
3. String Theory: String theory is a theoretical framework that attempts to explain the fundamental nature of particles and forces by modeling them as tiny vibrating strings.
4. Quantum Entanglement: Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in which two or more particles become connected in such a way that the state of one particle is instantly correlated with the state of the other, regardless of the distance between them.
5. Dark Matter: Dark matter is a hypothetical form of matter that does not interact with light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation but exerts gravitational effects on visible matter.
6. Dark Energy: Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that is thought to be responsible for the observed accelerated expansion of the universe.
7. Higgs Boson: The Higgs boson is a subatomic particle that is associated with the Higgs field, which gives particles their mass.
8. Black Hole: A black hole is a region in spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape its gravitational pull.
9. Neutrino: A neutrino is a subatomic particle that is electrically neutral and interacts only weakly with other particles. It has a tiny mass and is produced in large quantities in nuclear reactions.
10. Supersymmetry: Supersymmetry is a theoretical framework that proposes a symmetry between particles with integer spin (bosons) and particles with half-integer spin (fermions).
11. Particle Accelerator: A particle accelerator is a scientific instrument that accelerates charged particles, such as protons or electrons, to high speeds using electromagnetic fields.
12. Quantum Computing: Quantum computing is a field of study that uses quantum mechanics to perform computational tasks more efficiently than classical computers.
13. Plasma Physics: Plasma physics is the study of ionized gases, which consist of charged particles known as ions and electrons.
14. Nuclear Fusion: Nuclear fusion is a process in which atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy in the process.
15. Superconductivity: Superconductivity is a phenomenon in which certain materials can conduct electric current without any resistance when cooled below a critical temperature.
Conclusion
Advanced physics terminology and vocabulary are essential for those who wish to explore the more complex and cutting-edge aspects of the field. The terms mentioned in this article represent just a fraction of the vocabulary used in advanced physics. By familiarizing ourselves with these terms, we can gain a deeper understanding of the intricate nature of the universe and the fundamental principles that govern it.
物理英文术语及常用词汇 篇三
力 force
重力 gravity
摩擦力 friction
拉力 traction
质量 mass
惯量 Interia
加速度 acceleration
力矩 torque
静止 at rest
相对 relative
能量 energy
动能 kenetic energy
势能 potential energy
功 work
动量 momentum
角动量 angular momentum
能量守恒 energy conservation
保守力 conserved force
振动 vibration
振幅 amplitude
波 wave
驻波 standing wave
震荡 oscillation
相干波 coherent wave
干涉 interference
衍射 diffraction
轨道 obital
速度 velocity
速率 speed
大小 magnatitude
方向 direction
水平 horizental
竖直 vertical
相互垂直 perpendicular
坐标 coordinate
直角坐标系 cersian coordinate system
极坐标系 polar coordinate system
弹簧 spring
球体 sphere
环 loop
盘型 disc
圆柱形 cylinder
电学磁学： 电子 electron
电荷charge
电流 current
电场 electric field
电通量 electric flux
电势electirc potential
导体 conductor
电介质 dieletric
绝缘体 insultalor
电阻 resistor
电阻率 resistivity
电容capacitor
无穷 infinite
横截面 cross ection
匀强电场 uniform electric field
分布 ditribution
磁场 magnetic field
磁通量 magnetic flux
电感 inductance
变压器 transformer
频率 frequency
周期 period
电磁波 electomagnetic wave
平面 plane
热学：
热平衡 thermal equilibrium
理想气体 ideal gas
热能 thermal energy
热量 heat
热容 heat capacity
外界 surrounding
准静态过程 quasi-static process
等体过程 isochoric process
等压过程 isobaric process
等温过程 isothermal process
绝热过程 adiabatic process
循环 cycle
光学 光 light
光程 optical path
光强度 light intensity
偏振 polarization 波长 wave length
传播 propagation
量子力学（高中好像讲了一点点） 原子 atomic
光子 photon
光电效应 photo-electric effect
物质波 matter wave
光谱 spectrum
激光 laser
衰减 decay
辐射 radiation
械振动 mechanical vibration
简谐振动 simple harmonic oscillation
振幅 amplitude
周期 period
频率 ferquency
赫兹 hertz
单摆 simple pendulum
受迫振动 forced vibration
共振 resonnance
机械波 mechanical wave
介质 medium
横波 transverse wave
纵波 longitudinal wave
波长 wavelength
超声波 supersonic wave
阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro constant
布朗运动 Brown mation
热运动 thermal motion
热力学能 thermal energy
内能 internal energy
热力学第一定律 first law of thermodynamics
能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy
热力学第二定律 second law of thermodynamics
各向同性 isotropy
各向异性 anisotropy
单晶体 single crystal(monocrystal)
多晶体 ploycrystal
表面张力 surface tension
毛细现象 capillarity
液晶 liquid crystal
电荷 electric charge
电荷量 queantity df electricity
正电荷 positive charg
负电荷 negative charg
库仑定律 Coulomb law
静电感应 electrostatic induction
感应电荷 inducde charge
元电荷 elementary charge
电荷守恒定律 law of conservation of charge
库仑（电荷单位） coulomb
电场 electric fileld
电场强度 electric field strength
电场线 electric potential
电势 electric potential
电势差/电压 electric potential difference
伏特 volt
电容 capacitance
电容器 capacitor
法拉（电容单位） farad
电流 electric current
安培（电流单位） ampere
电阻 resistance
欧姆（电阻单位） ohm
电动势 electormotive force(e.m.f.)
半导体 semiconductor
超导体 superconductor
磁性 magnetism
磁场 magnetic field
磁感线 magnetic induction line
安培定则 Ampere rule
安培力 Ampere force
磁感应强度 magnetic induction
左手定则 left-hand rule
洛伦兹力 Lorentz force
磁通量 magnetic flux
电磁感应 elctromagnetic induction
感应电流 induction current
感应电动势 induction electromotive force
电磁感应定律 law of electromagnetic induction
右手定则 right-hand rule
自感 self-induction
交流 alternating current
瞬时值 instantaneous value
峰值 peak value
有效值 effective value
电感 inductance
变压器 transformer
电能 electric energy
电磁场 electromagnetic field
电磁波 electromagnetic wave
雷达 radar
光线 light ray
平行光 parallel light
实象 real image
虚象 virtual image
折射 refaction
入射角 incident angle
反射角 reflection angle
折射角 diffraction angle
折射率 diffraction index
全反射 total reflection
临界角 critical angle
光导纤维 optical fiber
棱镜 prism
色散 dispersion
光谱 spectrum
波的衍射 diffraction of wave
波的干涉 interference of waves
红外线 infrared ray
紫外线 ultraviolet ray
X射线 X-ray
电磁波谱 electromagnetic effect
光电效应 photoelectric effect
光子 photon
普朗克常数 Planck constant
波粒二象性 wave-particle duality
概率波 probability wave
物质波 matter wave
电子 electron
质子 proton
中子 neutron
核子 nucleon
同位数 isotope
原子核 nucleus
能级 energy level
基态 ground state
激发态 excited state
跃迁 transition
放射性 radioactivity
α射线 α ray
β射线 β ray
γ射线 γ ray
衰变 decay
核反应 nuclear reaction
核能 nuclear energy
质能方程 mass-energy equation
裂变 fission
链式反应 chain reaction
聚变 fusion
热核反应 thermonuclear reaction
介子 meson
轻子 lepton
强子 hadron
物理英文术语及常用词汇 篇四
A
Absolute acceleration 绝对加速度
Absolute error 绝对误差
Absolute motion 绝对运动
Absolute temperature 绝对温度
Absolute velocity 绝对速度
Absolute zero 绝对零度
Absorption 吸收
Absorptivity 吸收率
Accelerated motion 加速运动
Acceleration of gravity重力加速度
Acceleration 加速度
Accidental error 偶然误差
Acoustics 声学
Acting force 作用力
Adjustment 调节
Aether 以太
Air pump 抽气机
Air table 气垫桌
Air track 气垫导轨
Alternating current circuit 交流电路
Alternating current generator交流发电机
Alternating 交流电
Altimeter 测高仪
Ammeter 安培计
Amperemeter 电流计
Ampere 安培
Ampere’s experiment 安培试验
Ampere’s force 安培力
Ampere’s law 安培定律
Amperemeter 安培计
Amplitude 振幅
Angle of rotation 自转角 转动角
Angular acceleration 角加速度
Angular displacement 角位移
Angular velocity 角速度
Anion 负离子
Anisotropy 各向异性
Annihilation
Anode 阳极
Antenna 天线
Applied physics 应用物理学
Archimedes principle阿基米德原理
Area 面积
Argumentation 论证
Argument 辐角
Astigmatoscope 散光镜
Atomic nucleus 原子核
Atomic physics 原子物理学
Atomic spectrum 原子光谱
Atomic structure 原子结构
Atom 原子
Atwood’s machine阿特伍德机
Average power 平均功率
Average velocity 平均速度
Avogadroconstant 阿伏加德罗常数
Avogadro law 阿伏加德罗定律
B
balance 天平
ballistic galvanometer 冲击电流计
band spectrum 带状谱
barometer 气压机
basic quantity 基本量
basic units 基本单位
battery charger 电池充电器
battery accumulator 蓄电池
battery 电池组
beam 光束
betatron 电子感应加速器
Bohr atom model 波尔原子模型
Boiling point 沸点
Boiling 沸腾
Bounce 反弹
Bound charge 束缚电荷
Bound electron 束缚电子
Branch circuit 支路
Breakdown 击穿
Brightness 亮度
Buoyancy force 浮力
C
Calorifics 热学
camera 照相机
capacitance 电容
capacitor 电容器
capillarity 毛细现象
cathode ray 阴极射线
cathode－ray tude 阴极射线管
cathode 阴极
cation 正离子
cell 电池
Celsius scale 摄氏温标
Centre of gravity 重心
Centre of mass 质心
Centrifugal force 离心力
Centripetal acceleration 向心加速度Centripetal force 向心力
Chain reaction 链式反应
Chaos 混沌
Characteristic spectrum 特征光谱
Charged body 带电体
Charged particle 带电粒子
Charge 充电
Circular hole diffraction 圆孔衍射Circular motion 圆周运动
Classical mechanics 经典力学
Classical physics 经典物理学
Cloud chamber 云室
Coefficient of maximum static friction 最大静摩擦系数
Coefficient of restitution 恢复系数
Coefficient of sliding friction 滑动摩擦系数Coefficient 系数
Coil 线圈
Collision 碰撞
Component force 分力
Coherent light 相干光源
Component velocity 分速度
Composition of forces 力的合成
Composition of velocities 速度的合成Compression 压缩
Concave lens 凹透镜
Concave mirror 凹面镜
Concurrent force 共点力
Condensation 凝结
Condenser 电容器
Conducting medium 导电介质
Conductor 导体
Conservative force field 保守立场
Conservative force 保守力
Constant force 恒力
Constant 常量
Continuous spectrum 连续谱
Convergent lens 会聚透镜
Convex lens 凸透镜
Convex mirror 凸面镜
Coordinate system 坐标系
Coplanar force 共面力
Corolis force 科里奥利力
Corpuscular property 例子性
Corpuscular theory 微粒说
Coulomb force 库仑力
Coulomb 库仑
Coulomb’s law库仑定律
counter 计数器
creation 产生
creepage 漏电
crest 波峰
critical angle 临界角
critical resistance 临界电阻
critical temperature 临界温度
crystal 晶体
current density 电流密度
current element 电流元
current source电流源
current strength 电流强度
curvilinear motion 曲线运动
cyclotron 回旋加速器
D
Damped vibration 阻尼震动
Damping 阻尼
Daniell cell 丹尼尔电池
Data processing 数据处理
Data 数据
Decay衰变
Definition of ampere 安培的定义
Defocusing 散集
Density 密度
Derived quantity 导出量
Derived unit 导出单位
Dielectric 电介质
Diffraction pattern衍射图样
Diffraction 衍射
Diffuse reflection 漫反射
Digital timer 数字计时器
Dimensional exponent量纲指数
Dimension 量纲
Diode 二极管
Diopter 屈光度
Direct current 直流
（dc）Direct impact 正碰
Direct measurement 直接测量
Discharge 放电
Disorder 无序
物理英文术语及常用词汇 篇五
physics 物理
physics 物理
mechanics 力学
thermodynamics 热力学
electromagnetism 电磁学
optics 光学
dynamics 动力学
force 力
velocity 速度
acceleration 加速度
equilibrium 平衡
statics 静力学
motion 运动
inertia 惯性
gravitation 引力
relativity 相对
gravity 地心引力
vibration 震动
medium (media) 媒质
frequency 频率
wavelength 波长
pitch 音高
intensity 强度
echo 回声
resonance 回声，洪亮
sonar 声纳
ultrasonics 超声学
electricity 电
static electricity 静电
magnetism 磁性，磁力
magnet 磁体
electromagnet 电磁
magnetic field 磁场
electric current 电流
direct current (DC) 直流电
alternating current (AC) 交流电
electric circuit 电路
electric charge 电荷
electric voltage 电压
electric shock 触电
electric appl
iance 电器
conductor 导体
insulator 绝缘体
semiconductor 半导体
battery (cell) 电池
dry battery 干电池
storage battery 蓄电池
electronics 电子学
electronic 电子的
electronic component (part) 电子零件
integrated circuit 集成电路
chip 集成电器片，集成块
electron tube 电子管
vacuum tube 真空管
transistor 晶体管
amplification (名词)放大
amplify (动词)放大
amplifier 放大器，扬声器
oscillation 震荡
optical 光(学)的
optical fiber 光学纤维
lens 透镜，镜片
microscope 显微镜
telescope 望远镜
magnifier 放大镜
microwaves 微波
dispersion 色散
transparent 透明
translucent 半透明
opaque 不透明的
