非谓语动词英语语法笔记 篇一
在英语语法中,非谓语动词指的是不具备主谓关系的动词形式。它们在句子中可以作为名词、形容词或副词的补语,起到修饰或补充句子成分的作用。本篇笔记将介绍非谓语动词的分类以及它们在句子中的用法。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和现在分词。
首先是不定式,它是动词的原形加上to构成的,例如:to go, to eat, to study等。不定式在句中可以作为名词、形容词或副词的补语。例如:
1. 名词补语:I want to go to the park.(我想去公园)
2. 形容词补语:She is happy to see you.(她很高兴见到你)
3. 副词补语:He went to the library to study.(他去图书馆学习)
其次是动名词,它是动词加上ing构成的,例如:going, eating, studying等。动名词在句中可以作为名词、形容词或副词的补语。例如:
1. 名词补语:Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动)
2. 形容词补语:She is interested in reading books.(她对读书很感兴趣)
3. 副词补语:He ran to catch the bus.(他跑着赶公交车)
最后是现在分词,它是动词加上ing构成的,例如:going, eating, studying等。现在分词在句中可以作为形容词或副词的补语。例如:
1. 形容词补语:The running water is very clear.(流动的水非常清澈)
2. 副词补语:She looked at him, smiling.(她望着他,微笑着)
需要注意的是,非谓语动词与句子的主语一致,并且不具备人称和数的变化。另外,非谓语动词也可以与情态动词、助动词一起使用,形成不同的语法结构。
以上就是关于非谓语动词的基本概念和用法的笔记。掌握非谓语动词的使用方法,可以帮助我们更准确地表达自己的意思,增强语言的表达能力。
非谓语动词英语语法笔记 篇二
在英语语法中,非谓语动词是一种不具备主谓关系的动词形式,主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。本篇笔记将重点介绍非谓语动词的时态和语态变化,以及它们在句子中的具体应用。
首先是不定式的时态和语态变化。不定式的时态可以通过to have done、to be doing和to have been done等形式来表示。例如:
1. 现在完成时态:He is glad to have finished the project.(他很高兴已经完成了这个项目)
2. 现在进行时态:She is happy to be studying abroad.(她很开心正在国外学习)
3. 现在完成进行时态:They are proud to have been working here for five years.(他们为在这里工作了五年而感到骄傲)
不定式的语态变化包括主动语态和被动语态。例如:
1. 主动语态:She wants to buy a new car.(她想买一辆新车)
2. 被动语态:The car needs to be repaired.(这辆车需要修理)
其次是动名词的时态和语态变化。动名词的时态可以通过having done、being done和having been done等形式来表示。例如:
1. 现在完成时态:Having finished the project, he felt relieved.(完成了这个项目后,他感到了解脱)
2. 现在进行时态:Being a doctor, she is always busy.(作为一名医生,她总是很忙)
3. 现在完成进行时态:Having been working here for five years, they have gained a lot of experience.(在这里工作了五年后,他们积累了很多经验)
动名词没有语态的变化,只有主动语态形式。例如:
1. 主动语态:She enjoys reading books.(她喜欢读书)
最后是现在分词的时态和语态变化。现在分词的时态可以通过doing、being done和having been done等形式来表示。例如:
1. 现在完成时态:Doing his homework, he suddenly remembered the answer.(做作业的时候,他突然想起了答案)
2. 现在进行时态:Being surrounded by nature, she feels peaceful.(被大自然环绕着,她感到平静)
3. 现在完成进行时态:Having been working for hours, he felt exhausted.(工作了几个小时后,他感到筋疲力尽)
现在分词的语态变化包括主动语态和被动语态。例如:
1. 主动语态:The teacher saw the students running in the playground.(老师看到学生们在操场上跑)
2. 被动语态:The car hit by the truck was badly damaged.(被卡车撞击的车严重受损)
以上就是关于非谓语动词时态和语态变化的笔记。掌握非谓语动词的时态和语态变化规则,可以更准确地表达动作的进行和完成情况,提高语言的表达准确性。
非谓语动词英语语法笔记 篇三
非谓语动词英语语法笔记
1、非谓语动词:是一类由动词原形演变而来的表示动作,但又不能构成谓语句子成分的词,英语语法笔记!。
2、非谓语动词的分类:分词、动名词、动词不定式。
(1)动名词:其构成为动词原形+ing。它的构成与现在分词完全相同,所以要从两者的用法上区别这两类词。
用法:可以被用作句子主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
Eg:
(1) Reading affords pleasure. (主语)
(2) The football match between Brazil and China is exciting. (表语)
(3) They enjoyed listening to pop songs very much. (宾语)
(4) My hobby, reading books in bed, remains unchanged. (同位语)
原则:动名词从字面,即语法角度讲,是名词。但是,其本质上仍然具有动作的性质。所以,当使用动名词作动词宾语且需要表达动作的施动者时,可以加上相应的所有格代词或者宾格代词;然而,当它用作句子主语时,若要体现这一点,则只能用所有格代词。
Eg:
(1) His giving up smoking is encouraging. (只能用所有格代词)
(2) They enjoyed my/me good cooking. (所有格代词/宾格代词)
(2)分词:分为现在分词和过去分词两大类。现在分词在构成上与动名词完全相同,而过去分词则在动词后面加-ed构成。同时,还必须详记一些常用的不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。分词在句子中一般用作定语和状语。在详细阐述之前,必须先树立这样一个观念:现在分词表示主动或进行;过去分词表示被动或者完成。这一点是学习分词的根基!
(I)分词作定语:顾名思义,就是分词可以限定或者修饰名词或代词。现在开一个十分简单的'例子:a working desk --- a desk for working/a working man --- a man who is/was working 显然,前这是一个动名词,后者是分词。它们同作定语,但性质不同。从中我们可以看到:凡是分词用作定语都是从定语从句转换而来。这是一个基本原则!
Eg:
(1) The windows which face south are broken. ---
The windows facing south are broken.
(2) The man who is talking with the teacher is my father. ---
The man talking with the teacher is my father.
(3) The money invested in this project added up to 20 million yuan. ---
The money, which had been invested in this project, added up to 20 million yuan.
(4) The meeting to be held this weekend is important. ---
The meeting, which is to be held this weekend is important.
结论1:现在分词作后置定语,表示与主句时态一致的一个经常发生的动作,大学英语《英语语法笔记!》。
结论2:现在分词作后置定语,表示与主句时态一致的一个正在发生的动作。
结论3:过去分词作后置定语,表示被动语态。
结论4:to be+过去分词结构作后置定语,表示即将发生的行为或动作。
原则:一切分词作定语的判断标准就是以上四条,必须牢记!其中,充分体现了“现在分词表示主动或进行;过去分词表示被动或者完成。”的基本思想。所以,要清楚,定语从句和分词作定语只是两种不同的表达方式,本质是相同的!
(II)分词作状语:与“分词作定语从定语从句转换而来”如出一辙,分词作状语同样可以看作是从各类状语从句转换而来。分词作状语共7类,分别是:原因、结果、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状语。
Eg:
(1) Lost in thought, he didn’t even hear her knocking at the door. (原因状语)
(2) He fired, killing two flying birds. (结果状语)
(3) (If) Given more time and money, we could have completed the task. (条件状语)
(4) Doing his homework, the girl was listening to the pop songs. (时间状语)
(5) Gaining much money, he still felt unhappy. (让步状语)
(6) Using negotiation instead of arm force, the two nations eventually solved the border dispute peacefully. (方式状语)
(7) Reading detective books, he lied in bed. (伴随状语)
原则1:由于分词作状语是从状语从句转换而来,故有时为了明确句子的具体含义,可以在从句中出现表示主从关系的连接词,往往连接词位于“分词作状语”之前!
Eg:
(1) When doing his homework, the girl was listening to her classical music. (时间状语)
(2) If given more time and money, we could have completed the task. (条件状语)
(3) Although gaining much money, he still felt unhappy. (让步状语)
原则2:分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。这一点是最根本的原则!只有当两者一致时,分词作状语才能成立。但是,如果不一致,就不能使用分词作状语,而要用“分词的独立主格结构”予以代替!
Eg:
(1) Using negotiation instead of arm force, the two nations eventually solved the border dispute peacefully. (方式状语)
(With) the peaceful means used, the two nations
eventually solved the border di