定语从句的用法归纳 篇一
定语从句是英语中常用的一种修饰句子的方式,它可以用来修饰名词或代词,从而进一步说明或限定其含义。在写作中,正确使用定语从句可以使文章更加丰富和准确。下面是定语从句的几种常见用法。
1. 限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句是定语从句中最常见的一种用法。它用来限定或具体说明名词的特定身份或属性。限定性定语从句通常由关系代词(如that, who, whom, whose, which)或关系副词(如when, where, why)引导。例如:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣)
2. 非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句用来对前面提到的名词或代词进行补充说明,但不是必需的信息。非限定性定语从句通常由关系代词(如who, whom, whose, which)或关系副词(如when, where, why)引导,并用逗号隔开。例如:
- My sister, who is a doctor, works at the local hospital.(我的姐姐是一名医生,在当地医院工作)
3. 含有介词的定语从句
有时,定语从句中会包含介词短语,用来进一步修饰名词或代词。这种情况下,介词通常放在关系代词之前。例如:
- The house in which they live is very old.(他们住的房子非常古老)
4. 定语从句的省略
在定语从句中,如果关系代词在从句中作宾语,并且在主句中已经出现了同样的宾语,那么关系代词可以被省略。例如:
- The book (that) I read last week was very interesting.(我上周读的那本书非常有趣)
总之,定语从句是一种常见的修饰句子的方式,可以用来进一步说明或限定名词的含义。正确使用定语从句可以使文章更加准确和丰富。
定语从句的用法归纳 篇二
定语从句是英语中常用的修饰句子的方式之一,它可以用来修饰名词或代词,进一步说明或限定其含义。在写作中,正确使用定语从句可以使文章更加具体和精确。下面是定语从句的几种常见用法。
1. 限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句是定语从句中最常见的一种用法。它用来限定或具体说明名词的特定身份或属性。限定性定语从句通常由关系代词(如that, who, whom, whose, which)或关系副词(如when, where, why)引导。例如:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣)
2. 非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句用来对前面提到的名词或代词进行补充说明,但不是必需的信息。非限定性定语从句通常由关系代词(如who, whom, whose, which)或关系副词(如when, where, why)引导,并用逗号隔开。例如:
- My sister, who is a doctor, works at the local hospital.(我的姐姐是一名医生,在当地医院工作)
3. 含有介词的定语从句
有时,定语从句中会包含介词短语,用来进一步修饰名词或代词。这种情况下,介词通常放在关系代词之前。例如:
- The house in which they live is very old.(他们住的房子非常古老)
4. 定语从句的省略
在定语从句中,如果关系代词在从句中作宾语,并且在主句中已经出现了同样的宾语,那么关系代词可以被省略。例如:
- The book (that) I read last week was very interesting.(我上周读的那本书非常有趣)
总之,定语从句是一种常见的修饰句子的方式,可以用来进一步说明或限定名词的含义。正确使用定语从句可以使文章更加具体和精确。
定语从句的用法归纳 篇三
定语从句的用法归纳
你知道在英语中的定语从句是什么吗,那它的用法又是什么呢?以下是小编为大家整理的定语从句的用法归纳,仅供参考,希望能够帮助大家。
一. 定义:定语由一个句子来充当,那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。
eg: 其中划线部分为定语从句。
二. 分类:分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,还有间隔性定语从句。 (限制性定语从句)
(非限制性定语从句)
( 间隔性定语从句)
注:定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用;而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。
三. 构成:定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。
先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。
引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。
eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 此句中先行词为:narrow streets and small houses, 引导词为:that, 定语从句为:that are built close to each other
四.基本原则
定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词 与book指同一物,所以要去掉。)
五.定语从句中常见考点:
考点一.关系代词和关系副词的.辨别
1. 关系代词that(人、物),which(物)、who(m)(人)、whose(某人的,某物的)、as
2. 关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)
注:关系副词可变为“介词+关系代词”结构(即:关系副词=介词+关系代词)。
eg:This is the mountain village where(=in which)I stayed last month.
3. 怎样选择正确的关系代词或关系副词 方法一:找出先行词和定语从句中动词,看定从中动词与先行词能否构成习惯搭配。能,用关系代词;不能,用关系副词.
Eg.I will never forget the day定从中动词spent 与先行词
the day 构成spent the day ,所以用关系代词that或which或省略)
系代词。如不缺少,定语从句所表达意思相对完整,用关系副词。
eg:①.This is the factory ____ made cars . (缺少主语,所以用关系代词that 或which,作主语不能省略)
②.This is the reason _______ he was late for school.(定语从句he was late for school 表
达意思相对完整,所以用关系副词why 或介词+关系代词for which) 注意:当先行词为case、position、point、situation、society、activity等抽象意义的名词时,常用关系副词where引导定语从句.
eg:He got himself into a dangerous situation where he may lose control of the plane .
考点二. 定从中that 与which的区别
1. 关系代词只用that的情况。
(1)当先行词为不定代词(all、much、little、few、some、any、none、one、something、anything、everything等)或先行词被不定形容词(all、many、some、few、little等)修饰时。 that you want to say for yourself?
(2)当先行词既有人又有物时。 that you are talking about.
(3)当先行词含有序数词或最高级时。
eg: ① will go to Beijing.
②(4)当先行词被only、very、next、last等修饰时。
that I’m looking for.
(5)在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中。 that you lost?
(6)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 that it used to be.
2.关系代词只用which的情况。
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
eg:He turned to be a very successful man,(2)在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词只用which。
eg:This is the question they have so much discussion in the past few weeks.
(3)当关系代词后有插入成分时。
eg: Mary was much kinde
r to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.3.指人时,关系代词只用who(m)的情况。
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 (2)当“介词+关系代词(宾格形式)”结构引导定语从句时。 (3)当关系代词后有插入成分时。
eg:This is my friend who,I think,is the best in our class. .
(4)在There be句型结构中,先行词指人时。
eg:There is a young lady who asks for you.
考点三:as的用法及as与which的区别
1. as引导的定语从句
(1)as常用于固定搭配中:the same. . . as,such…as,as/so…as
eg:①比较:Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city that everyone likes to visit it.
注意:第一句是定语从句,所以定从中没有出现与先行词city 意义上一致的词,第二句是状语从句,that 后应为完整句子,所以it 不能省略。
②同样的但不是同一辆)
比较:Today he wears the same coat that he did yesterday .(同一件衣服)
(2)as常用于固定句型中:as we all / everyboby know(s), ,as is often the case,as we expect等。
eg:As we all know,Zhengzhou is an attractive city.
2.在非限制性定语从句中,as与which的区别
⑴指代整句话内容时,as可位于主句前面、中间或后面;而which一般位于主句后。另外,which还可指代一个名词或一个短语。
eg①: As we all know,Tom is a good boy.
②:China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.
③:She doesn't think she is wrong,which makes her teacher angry.(which指代上文整个句子)
⑵.aswhich没有,
eg: ①He succeeded this time,as had been expected.
②She has made great progress,which makes her parents very happy.
③As we all know,knowledge changes life.
考点四. 定从中所属关系的表达
whose引导定语从句时必须和名词放在一起。whose+n(s)
=the+n(s)+of which/whom
=of +which/whom+the+n(s)
考点五.定从中动词形式与先行词的一致
eg: ① ②
③
考点六. the way作先行词引导定从时,关系词可用in which/that/省略。
eg:I don’t like the way that/in which/省略he spoke to me.
考点七. 介词+关系代词
在这种结构中,关系代词表示人,只能用whom ;关系代词表示物,只能用which 。
*怎样选择正确的介词
1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。如:
① This is the pen on which I spent 10 yuan. (spend money on sth.为固定搭配)
② This is the pen for which I paid 10 yuan. (pay money for sth.为固定搭配)
2.根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如:
① I remember the day on which I graduated from high school.
(强调在具体某一天要用介词on)
② I remember the days during which I lived in Russia.
(强调在某几天时间内要用介词during)
③ I remember the month in which I got along with Tom(在month前介词要用in)
3. 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。
Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?
(write ...for the article)
4. 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。
①The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her carelessness .
( be happy with "对表示满意") 老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她粗心而被解雇。
②He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .
( be familiar with 对...熟悉)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。
5. 有些“动词+介词”的固定词组不可拆开用
常见的动词词组有:look for,look after, care for,send for,hear of,hear from, deal with,
get through,pay attention to等。 Eg .This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.这是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking.(错误)
6. “不定代词both,some,any,many,(a)few,none,neither等 +of whom 或of which,表示整体与部分的关系或所属关系
eg: ①(很多苹果中有一些是红色)
比较:I have many apples and some of them are bad .
②比较:He has three children but none of them is kind to him .
7.“介词+which+to do”作定语的情况
介词+which+to do作定语相当于介词+which引导定语从句。其中定语从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句含有情态动词。
eg:①Frank’s dream was to have a shop in which to produce the workings of his own hands.
(=Frank’s dream was to have a shop in which he could produce the workings of his own
hands.)
②He has no house in which to live.(=He has no house in which he can live.)
8.“介词+where”引导的定语从句的情况
有时候,我们可以见到“介词+where”引导定语从句的情况。此时,where代替的是表示地点的介词短语。
eg:You can look out of the window,from where you get a good view.(其中where=out of the
window)
考点八:定从句与短语的转化
1. The girl (who is )dancing now just returned from Beijing.正在跳舞的女孩刚从北京回来
2. I love the stories (which were) written by Mary .我喜欢玛丽写的故事。